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Şehremaneti Mecmuası 3


The Şehremaneti Magazine of November 1924, as in the previous issues, is divided into various sections. The magazine starts with the "Statistical Section" in which the problem of fuel in Istanbul is discussed. In addition to data of supplying especially wood, hard coal and coke used for heating purposes at the start of winter and statistics about their processing, storage and taxation; extensive and explanatory information is provided about historical processes and the period. In the article, it is stated that since there is no clear figure about the population of Istanbul besides the data for the previous years, it is not possible to make a comparison on whether the aforementioned fuel is sufficient for the people of Istanbul.

The second chapter, which deals with the meeting of the Cemiyet-i Umumiye-i Belediye (Municipal Council) on October 1, 1924, starts with the introduction of the newly elected board members. The speech of Şehremini Emin (Erkul) Bey, in which he evaluated the previous year during the meeting, contains important information for the years 1923-1924. The issues that came to the forefront in his speech were the problems such as the shortage of qualified personnel, debts, and the bread crisis of Şehremaneti. Other than the foregoing, issues such as the opening of slaughterhouses, improvements in the city's economic activities, municipality revenues, the response to the floods in Eyüp and Kasımpaşa, the strengthening of the municipal printing house opened in 1923 with new equipment, and the importance of the Şehremaneti Magazine, which was started to be printed, were mentioned. In his speech, Emin Erkul also mentioned the "bread crisis" in Istanbul and the fact that two French bread bakeries started to be operated in Beyoğlu, among the measures taken by Şehremaneti. It is understood that this practice, one of the pioneers of Istanbul Halk Ekmek, came to an end with the resumption of production by bakeries producing French bread.

Both from Emin Erkul's speech and from the "Instructions on the Inspection of Bakeries and Type of French Bread" in the section entitled "Laws, Regulations, Instructions" in the Magazine, it is seen that the bread crisis of that period has become a current agenda for a long time, and Şehremaneti (Municipal Police) tried to develop solutions for this problem. In this instructions for the improvement of the bread production process and the standardization of the product, the processes from the chemical content of the bread to the transport, preservation and other stages are explained in detail. The bread problem in Istanbul, which we also brought to the cover image of this issue, has obviously been experienced in different ways in every period.

In the continuation of the magazine, there is a contract signed between the Şehremaneti and the Şark Teşebbüsat-ı Nafia (Eastern Public Works Venture) Company, which deals with the construction of marketplaces on the Golden Horn coast, tanks for combustible materials and coal yards in the Bosporus.

In the section entitled "Western Municipalities"; regarding vacuum cleaners used for street cleaning in Europe, new techniques used to remove dust-induced pollution in big cities and the experiences of Western municipalities that electricity can be used in this field are discussed.

In the “Public Works Section”, there are two articles in which opinions about public works are conveyed. The first article written by Şehremini Emin Erkul emphasizes the need to make Istanbul a center of trade and tourism, and makes some suggestions such as renovating the ports, opening the roads, improving the tram lines, making landscaping, and opening hotels and entertainment venues.

Şehremaneti Honorary Counselor Süreyya İlmen, who is known for his valuable contributions to Istanbul, also addresses the potential of the city in these areas by asking the following questions in his more detailed article and expressing his views on them: “Is Istanbul a city of commerce?”, “Is Istanbul an industrial city?”, “Is Istanbul a city of pleasure?”, “Is Istanbul a city of travelers?”, and “Is Istanbul a city of summer resorts?”

The "Ceremony, Commemoration, Feast" section is reserved for the first liberation day celebrations of Istanbul which was liberated from the British occupation on October 6, 1923. The most important feature of these celebrations, which have a special meaning for Şehremaneti, is that they are the first celebrations to be held every year thereafter. The article includes the speech given by Emin Erkul at the banquet organized by the Şehremaneti in honor of the army staff at the Tokatlıyan Hotel after the years of occupation of Istanbul and the historical developments until October 6, 1923. Kazım Karabekir Pasha, who was present at the banquet, also made a short speech on behalf of the army. In order to celebrate the Şehremaneti, he sent telegrams to President Mustafa Kemal, Chief Deputy İsmet (İnönü) Pasha and Minister of Interior Recep (Peker) Pasha, and the replies to these telegrams were read during the meeting of the Cemiyet-i Umumiye-i Belediye (Municipal Council) on October 8.

The magazine also includes a polemic that started when Ali Haydar Midhat and Doctor Hüseyin Suad sent a telegram to the Minister of Interior Recep Peker, in which they expressed their discomfort that the President did not greet the people of Istanbul. Ali Haydar Midhat, one of the parties to the said event, states in his autobiography " Hâtıralarım 1872-1946" (Güler Press, Istanbul 1946, p. 356-357) that Mustafa Kemal did not greet the people while he was passing through the Bosporus with the Hamidiye ship after he became President, and even did not even accept "Doctor Emin Erkul who got on a steamboat and run behind Hamidiye", and that despite this fact, Emin Erkul, in his capacity as Şehremini, sent a telegram to Ankara expressing the gratitude of the people of Istanbul. Ali Haydar Midhat sent a telegram to the Minister of Interior Recep Peker, stating that Emin Erkul, who did not come to power by election, could not send a telegram on behalf of the city, also that he did not agree with the content of the telegram. Upon hearing this news, the subject had coverage in the Istanbul and Ankara press. Obviously, Emin Erkul, who was extremely disturbed by the telegram, brought the incident to the agenda of the Municipal Council, and the reply letter by Mustafa Kemal, in which he criticizes Ali Haydar Midhat and Doctor Hüseyin Suad, was read in the Council.

In the continuation of the magazine, a 16-item instructions named "Istanbul's Liberation Festival Program" is published and it is explained how the Independence Day will be celebrated every year.

The last section of the magazine is allocated to the hygiene studies of Istanbul. In the article entitled "Halkın Şehre Karşı Vezaifi" (People's Duty To the City), written by public hygiene specialist Lebid Abdüşşükür, it is emphasized that the people are responsible for the cleanliness, hygiene and health of the city. It is stated that they must fulfill their duty to this end and that this is also an indicator of civilization. In the article entitled "Sıhhi Musahaba" (Conversation on Sanitary) by the chief veterinarian of slaughterhouse Ahmed Nevzad, the same problem is discussed over the slaughterhouses, and the things to be done to prevent the spread of tapeworm and disease in the slaughterhouses are emphasized.

As Emin Erkul stated in his speech to the parliament, “as he enlightens the escrow officers and increases their knowledge thanks to the articles and works of the municipality”; the third issue of the Şehramenti Magazine continues to provide us with first-hand information on a wide range of areas, from the fuel shortage to the bread crisis, from the liberation celebrations to the touristic projects of Istanbul, which has passed from the Empire to the Republic, nearly a hundred years later.

İrfan Çağatay



Title Şehremaneti Mecmuası 3
Short Title Şehremaneti Mecmuası 3
Editor Bülent Bilmez - İrfan Çağatay - Nihal Boztekin - Serhat Bozkurt
Publisher İBB Kütüphane ve Müzeler Müdürlüğü Atatürk Kitaplığı
Publish Place İstanbul
Category Kitap
Publish Date 2022
Number of Pages 98
Language Türkçe
Citation Şehremaneti Mecmuası 3. Editors: Bülent Bilmez - İrfan Çağatay - Nihal Boztekin - Serhat Bozkurt. İstanbul: İBB Kütüphane ve Müzeler Müdürlüğü Atatürk Kitaplığı, 2022.



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