A rich content awaits readers in the fourth issue of Turkey's first municipal magazine, Istanbul Şehremaneti Magazine, dated December 1924. This issue includes articles that are a continuation of some of the titles in the previous three issues, as well as new titles.
The thematic titles of the fourth issue are classified as “İstanbul’un İaşesi” (Istanbul's Subsistence), “Cemiyet-i Umumiye-i Belediye’nin Teşrinievvel İctima-ı Kanunisi” (Municipal Council’s Social Law of October), “Umrani Kısım” (Public Works Section), “Sıhhi Kısım” (Sanitary Section) ve “İhsai Kısım” (Statistical Section).
“Istanbul's Subsistence” is the first topic of the magazine. Here, the second chapter, which is a continuation of the study written with a detailed analysis under the sub-title of "Bread" in the first issue of the magazine, was entitled “İstanbul’un Bir Senelik Et Sarfiyatı ve Karaağaç Mezbahası” (Istanbul's Annual Meat Consumption and Karaağaç Slaughterhouse). It can also be said that the article signed by Osman Nuri (Ergin) is a reading of the history of the city through slaughterhouses. The article evaluated a wide range extending from the Fatih era Istanbul to the Tanzimat and thereafter, from the meat consumption in the city to the storage conditions of the meat and the architecture of the slaughterhouse. In the Karaağaç (Sütlüce) slaughterhouse, it is also possible to see various health-related issues such as the methods of examining animals, slaughtering animals in the slaughterhouses, and paying attention to the cleanliness of the city where the people live.
Another important point in Osman Nuri Ergin's article is the detailed description of the Karaağaç (Sütlüce) slaughterhouse which is considered as an industrial heritage. Industrial buildings are of great importance in terms of conveying the technology and economic order of the period in which they were constructed. This slaughterhouse, the foundation of which was laid in 1919, was completed and put into service only in 1924 due to financial difficulties and occupation conditions. A representation of modernity is also presented with the slaughterhouse, conceptualized and implemented by Vedat Tek, one of the leading names in the history of Turkish architecture. It is noteworthy that the images used in the magazine are only about the slaughterhouse building. Contemporary materials, a sterile environment and modern people, which form the showcase of modernity, stand out in the photographs.
Another remarkable issue in this section is the data that the monthly meat consumption per capita in Istanbul was 2.5 kg as of 1924. Osman Nuri (Ergin) also shares some statistical information from different countries and cities of the world with Istanbul residents and makes comments, albeit a little. It should be noted that this consumption amount includes only red meat and cattle. If we try to establish a current relationship, we can easily state that meat consumption per capita about a hundred years ago was much higher than today compared to all the shortages and difficulties.
The second topic of the magazine is about the meeting of Cemiyet-i Umumiye-i Belediye (Municipal Council) on October 1, 1924, which was published in the previous issue. The evaluations and responses of the Special Council to the speech of Şehremini Emin (Erkul) at the meeting were listed in eleven items. A wide range from the issue of bread to the quality of the personnel, from debts to the municipal police instructions has been discussed. Later in the article, Emin (Erkul) took the floor again, expressed his concerns especially about qualified personnel, and drew attention to the issue of "merit", which in fact continues today. He answered the questions with a table containing data from other countries, about another topic, the cheapening of bread prices. Other questions were answered in the continuation of the speech. While the process makes the parliamentary works visible and known under the conditions of the period, it also provides information on the functioning of the criticism mechanism.
Another of the fixed topics of the magazine is the "Public Works Section". While the articles of the chapter cover the subjects of zoning, public works and civilization, they have been discussed in a wide range from reports to regulations and translations. This issue includes the translation of the article written about Istanbul by Henri Turot, a member of the Municipality of Paris, which was previously published in İkdam. The article, which was first published in 1908 and contains observations and evaluations of the period, is an important data on the history of urbanism and planning. The translation, which started with the introduction of Osman Nuri (Ergin), can also be read as a proposal text through the practice of Europe and Paris in particular. The suggestions made in the report and the names mentioned are important in terms of urbanism and planning history, as well as noteworthy for the parliament to track the issue. Henri Turot, a member of the Municipality of Paris, presents that they are ready to support in sharing their experiences as a result of long evaluations. It is also noteworthy that the name exemplified in the report for Istanbul planning is Haussmann, one of the controversial names in the history of city and planning. In 1936, about one hundred and fifty urban planners and architects, including the French planner Henri Prost, were invited to Turkey. This translation provides important information in terms of the historical background of an ongoing debate about Istanbul for more than a century.
The next topic was written by the Chief Veterinary of Slaughterhouse, Ahmed Nevzad. In the article, which includes opinions about sanitary animal slaughter, a comparative evaluation has been made specifically of Europe and Turkey.
The last topic discussed in the magazine is about a workshop that was put into service in Balat on July 23, 1914. This is a carpentry and forge that produces quite a wide variety of products, from cleaning trolleys to hospital cabinets and children's chairs. The forge described also presents the knowledge of a small-scale industrial production. It makes it possible to read a local labor history with data on the number of employees, equipment, apparatus and production line. This reading can also be considered as a reference point for the history of Istanbul's cleaning workers.
The magazine ends with some statistical tables that can also be evaluated as a year-end balance sheet. In the first of these tables, a table was created based on the salaries, educational status and titles of civil servants working in the municipality.
The year-end income statement of Istanbul Municipality is the last section of the magazine. In the balance sheet, income items of Istanbul Municipality are recorded from construction license to bridge revenues, from the directorate of lottery to rental incomes. This breakdown is important in terms of municipal history studies.
Istanbul Şehremaneti Magazine is an important resource for both Istanbul history studies and those working in the late Ottoman and early Republican periods. It is very valuable to look back about a hundred years from a window opened in the 21st century and to be able to trace the continuities, ruptures or transformations from the past to the present. The magazine, which makes it possible to reach many rich and detailed information from daily life to urban activities, from cultural history to architecture, continues to preserve the memory of the city.
İzzet Umut Çelik
| Title | Şehremaneti Mecmuası 4 |
| Short Title | Şehremaneti Mecmuası 4 |
| Editor | Bülent Bilmez - İrfan Çağatay - İzzet Umut Çelik - Serhat Bozkurt |
| Publisher | İBB Kütüphane ve Müzeler Müdürlüğü Atatürk Kitaplığı |
| Publish Place | İstanbul |
| Category | Kitap |
| Publish Date | 2022 |
| Number of Pages | 88 |
| Language | Türkçe |
| Citation | Şehremaneti Mecmuası 4. Editors: Bülent Bilmez - İrfan Çağatay - İzzet Umut Çelik - Serhat Bozkurt. İstanbul: İBB Kütüphane ve Müzeler Müdürlüğü Atatürk Kitaplığı, 2022. |